Saturday, 18 July 2026

Natalie Lamb and the travel post: Porto, Portugal

I was fortunate recently to receive a travel bursary to present at a conference in Rio de Janeiro. While I was away from Friday 24 April to Saturday 9 May (15 days), the trip only used 10 days of annual leave thanks to a bank holiday. I flew with TAP Air Portugal, which has one of the best stopover programmes in the world. For free, I was able to edit my flights to include a stopover in Lisbon on the way to Rio and another stopover in Porto on the way back to London. I have already written posts about my Lisbon stopover, travelling around Brazil, and my time in Rio de Janeiro, so this post focuses on our short but very enjoyable stopover in Porto.

Getting to Porto

On 8 May, we flew from Rio de Janeiro (GIG) to Porto (OPO), leaving at 8:40pm and arriving at 10:45am the following morning. The flight took around 10 hours.

One of the great things about this stopover was that we did not need to collect our checked bags at Porto Airport. They were automatically transferred through to our final destination in London, meaning we could head straight into the city with only our hand luggage.

From Porto Airport, we took the E Metro train into the city centre. The journey to Trindade station took around 35 minutes, with trains running approximately every 30 minutes. The ticket cost around €2.20, making it a very easy and affordable way to reach the city.

Things We Did in Porto

Chapel of Souls (Capela das Almas)

Our first stop was the Chapel of Souls, one of Porto’s most recognisable churches thanks to its beautiful blue and white azulejo tiles. The outside is completely covered in these traditional Portuguese tiles, making it a perfect first glimpse of Porto’s famous architecture.


Mercado do Bolhão

Next, we headed to Mercado do Bolhão, Porto’s historic food market. This was one of my favourite stops of the day.

We grabbed a cone of cheese and created our own mini port tasting experience while wandering around the stalls. I would definitely recommend visiting the market, as it was reasonably priced and there were so many delicious treats available, from local cheeses and meats to pastries and drinks.


Church of Saint Ildefonso

After exploring the market, we walked to the Church of Saint Ildefonso, another stunning blue-tiled church. Porto is full of these beautiful tiled buildings, and each one feels slightly different despite sharing the same traditional style.


Trying a Francesinha

No visit to Porto would be complete without trying a Francesinha, the city’s famous sandwich. This is a seriously indulgent dish made with layers of different meats, covered in melted cheese, drenched in a rich sauce, and often topped with a fried egg.

We tried one at Inês Diniz in Time Out Market Porto. Unfortunately, I wouldn’t recommend it. The food was expensive, and it took almost an hour for our order to arrive.

Next time, I would like to try Café Santiago instead. It is one of the most famous places for a Francesinha, although there was a very long queue when we visited.


McDonald’s Imperial

Our next stop was a slightly unusual tourist attraction: McDonald’s Imperial. This is often described as one of the most beautiful McDonald’s restaurants in the world, thanks to its historic interior, stained glass, and grand design.


Livraria Lello

We then walked past Livraria Lello, one of Porto’s most famous landmarks and often listed among the world’s most beautiful bookshops. Unfortunately, the queue was far too long, so we decided to leave it for another visit. 


Igreja do Carmo

Our final stop was Igreja do Carmo, another spectacular church decorated with blue and white azulejo tiles. It was the perfect final stop before we sadly had to make our way back to the airport.


What I Want to Do Next Time in Porto

Although we managed to see a lot during our short stopover, there is still plenty I would like to do on a future visit.

  • Walk Along the River and Explore Vila Nova de Gaia: I would like to visit the area around Croisière 6 Ponts for the pretty riverside houses and views across the water.
  • Cross the iconic Dom Luís I Bridge: Views over Porto from above.
  • Visit a Port Wine Cellar: potentially Real Companhia Velha for a more traditional port tour experience or perhaps Kopke for a chocolate and port tasting.
  • Livraria Lello: The famous bookshop.
  • Church of Saint Francis: The catacombs beneath the Church of Saint Francis.
  • Porto Cable Car: To see the city and the river from a different perspective.
  • Parque das Águas: I would like to visit Parque das Águas for views across the river. I have also heard there are small bars nearby where you can buy takeaway beers and enjoy the scenery.


Final Thoughts

Porto was the perfect stopover destination. Even with only around 7h in the city, we managed to see beautiful blue-tilled churches, eat local food and had a blast at a food market. I would happily return for a longer visit, as there are still so many things left to discover.

Natalie Lamb and the travel post: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

 I was fortunate recently to receive a travel bursary to present at a conference in Rio de Janeiro. While I was away from Friday 24 April to Saturday 9 May (15 days), the trip only took 10 days of annual leave, due to a bank holiday. I flew with TAP airlines, who have one of the best stopover programmes in the world. For free I was able to edit my flights to include a stopover in Lisbon on the way to Rio and a stopover to Porto on the way back to London. While I have written posts on both of these stopovers, as well as one on travelling around Brazil, this blog post is my top recommendations for things to do and where to stay in Rio.

Rio de Janeiro had everything. Beautiful beaches, wild jungle and interesting monuments to explore! First stop where to stay, before we delve into the fun stuff!


Things to Do in Rio

1. Visit Christ the Redeemer

Christ the Redeemer definitely exceeded my expectations. The focus was on the beauty of nature and not on selling things (something I felt was the opposite on Sugarloaf Mountain). 

I booked one of the earliest trains of the day, which meant we avoided some of the biggest crowds (although it was still busy!). The train journey takes you through the Atlantic Forest of Tijuca National Park before arriving at one of the most iconic viewpoints in the world.

The statue itself is impressive, but the views are what make it truly special. From the top you can see Rio’s beaches, mountains, Sugarloaf Mountain and the city stretching out below. It genuinely feels like you are seeing the whole of Rio at once.

My biggest tip: go as early as possible. It gets hot and crowded later in the day, making it much harder to enjoy. Book as soon as you can.


2. Eat at a Brazilian Churrascaria

One of the food experiences my partner was most excited about in Rio was trying a Brazilian churrascaria — an all-you-can-eat steakhouse where waiters bring different cuts of meat directly to your table.

We were planning to visit Fogo de Chão, one of Rio’s best-known churrascarias, but whether you go here or one of the other many places around the city, it is definitely something I would recommend for meat lovers.

My biggest tip: Bring a list of the cuts of meat you want to try, in case of any language barriers.


3. Watch the Sunset 

Rio has some of the most spectacular sunsets I have ever seen. One of my favourite memories was watching the sunset from a rooftop pool, looking across the city towards Christ the Redeemer.

However you choose to watch it, I would recommend finding somewhere with a view, ordering a Caipirinha (Brazil’s national cocktail made with cachaça, lime and sugar) and simply enjoying the moment.

My biggest tip: The sun sets surprisingly early compared with the UK, so double check the sunset time.


4. Experience Pedra do Sal Samba Night

Pedra do Sal is one of Rio’s most famous nightlife experiences, and I would definitely recommend going. It is not necessarily a quiet samba evening — it is busy, energetic and can feel overwhelming at times — but that is also part of what makes it memorable.

We visited for the famous Monday samba night and while it was much busier and more chaotic than I expected, it was still an incredible experience. It felt like stepping into the heart of Rio’s nightlife, with crowds filling the streets and music creating a really unique atmosphere.

My biggest tip: take an Uber there and back, avoid carrying valuables and be prepared for crowds.


5. Visit Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião

From the outside, the Metropolitan Cathedral looks like a giant concrete pyramid and does not resemble a traditional cathedral at all. However, stepping inside completely changes your impression. 

The enormous stained glass windows stretch from floor to ceiling and when the sunlight shines through, it creates a huge colourful cross across the interior. It is free to enter and worth a quick look in while you’re in the area. 


6. Visit Beautiful Buildings

There are many beautiful old buildings to be stumbled across in the Centro area. One of those that is worth a visit is The Real Gabinete Português de Leitura. It is one of the most beautiful libraries I have ever visited and is very Harry Potter.

It is not something I would prioritise above Rio’s main highlights if you only have a short time, but if you are already exploring Centro, it is a great place to visit and is free entry.


7. Explore Escadaria Selarón

The Escadaria Selarón is one of Rio’s most famous landmarks, with colourful tiles covering the steps between Santa Teresa and Lapa.

It is worth visiting, but I would manage expectations. It is very popular, so expect crowds of people trying to get photographs. There are also people around selling souvenirs and trying to make money from tourists, so keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of your surroundings.


8. Have a Beach Day

Rio’s beaches are iconic and definitely worth experiencing, but personally they would not be at the top of my list if I only had a few days in the city.

Copacabana is the famous one everyone knows, and it is worth visiting for the black-and-white wave promenade and incredible mountain backdrop. However, for actually relaxing on the beach, I preferred Praia da Barra da Tijuca.

Barra da Tijuca is huge, with beautiful sand and a much calmer atmosphere. It felt much more enjoyable for swimming and wandering along the coastline without constantly being approached by people selling things.


Where to Stay in Rio

1. Barra da Tijuca

Our favourite area to stay. It felt safe, relaxed and had beautiful beaches. Although it is further from many of Rio’s main sights, Uber was cheap and easy to use, making it a great base for exploring while still having a quieter place to return to.

2. Santa Teresa

A charming neighbourhood with old, colourful houses, winding streets and lots of character. It felt like a completely different side of Rio and was within easy walking distance of Christ the Redeemer, making it a convenient base for exploring.

3. Praia da Bica

Conveniently located near the airport, which made it useful for our final night before flying home. However, the beach itself was disappointing, with the sea appearing unclean and visible rubbish offshore. It was the only place in Brazil where we did not feel comfortable swimming.

4. Centro

While it was convenient for walking to attractions such as Escadaria Selarón and Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião, it was our least favourite area to stay. We never fully relaxed there and felt much more aware of our surroundings, even on the street directly outside our hotel.


Natalie Lamb and the travel post: Brazilian Adventure, Brazil

I was fortunate recently to receive a travel bursary to present at a conference in Rio de Janeiro. While I was away from Friday 24 April to Saturday 9 May (15 days), the trip only took 10 days of annual leave, due to a bank holiday. I flew with TAP airlines, who have one of the best stopover programmes in the world. For free I was able to edit my flights to include a stopover in Lisbon on the way to Rio and a stopover to Porto on the way back to London. While I have written posts on both of these stopovers, as well as one on Rio itself, the focus on the present post is on our travel around Brazil and the logistics of that travel. 



The Full Itinerary

  • Friday 24 April – Saturday 25 April: Lisbon Stopover and Travel
  • Saturday 25 April – Thursday 30 April: Rio Barra da Tijuca
  • Thursday 30 April – Friday 1 May: Rio Santa Teresa
  • Friday 1 May – Monday 4 May: Ilha Grande
  • Monday 4 May – Wednesday 6 May: Rio Centro
  • Wednesday 6 May – Friday 8 May: Iguazu Falls
  • Friday 8 May – Saturday 9 May: Porto Stopover and Travel



Friday 24 April – Saturday 25 April: Lisbon Stopover and Travel

On Friday 24 April we had a flight 6am-8:50am 3h London Heathrow LHR to Lisbon LIS, followed by a stopover in Lisbon overnight. Our next flight was on Saturday 25 April 11:45am-5:45pm 10h Lisbon LIS to Rio De Janeiro GIG. The flights cost us £652.45pp return including the stopovers.

On arrival into GIG, we ignored all of the people shouting taxi to us and followed the signs to the Uber pick up location. Uber was very easy to use from the airport and cost us only £13.45, all the way to Barra da Tijuca (~36km one way). 


Saturday 25 April – Thursday 30 April: Rio Barra da Tijuca

During these days, I was attending my conference so I didn’t get up to much. But in this area my partner would recommend going to Pier de Barra for the view looking up to the mountains and Bosque da Barra Nature Reserve to see the capybaras, herons and crocodiles 

One evening we walked to Jardim Oceânico (20 mins) to get a boat for a few minutes across the water to a small island, Ilha De Gigoia. Most people pay with Pix (a payment app for locals) but cash could be used too. It felt like a proper adventure! In about 30 mins we had walked the entire island and had already run out of things to do, especially because it is quite quiet on a weekday! But we headed to a waterfront bar and had a couple of delicious Caipirinha, Brazil’s national cocktail made of cachaça (a Brazilian sugarcane spirit), fresh lime and sugar. My partner recommends doing a boat tour around this island, bookable from the same pier.   

One of my favourite things to do in the area was to spend some time on the beautiful sandy beaches. If you needed the toilet on the beach, there were some located in the lifeguard buildings or the kiosks (bars/restaurants) on the seafront have them in so you could grab a beer there.

I also really enjoyed watching the sunset from the rooftop pool. As it was April, the sun was setting around 5:30pm - something which surprised me because that’s much earlier than the UK at this time of year and something I should have anticipated!

Overall, Barra da Tijuca is located far from the sites of Rio but felt very safe to wander around (especially compared with Centro!). The streets had guards and we never came across anyone who appeared to be unsavoury. It was nice to be able to spend time at the beach without being harassed by salespeople like you are at the more popular beaches like Copacabana. Overall, if you’re comfortable spending a little extra for the Ubers to get around, I would really recommend Barra da Tijuca as a place to stay for tourists. For 5 nights our hotel, Windsor Tower, cost £338.69 so around £68/night. It had breakfast included, a gym, outdoor rooftop pool and a sauna and was only across the road from the beach, Praia da Barra da Tijuca. 

  • Hotel £68 per night total
  • Activities £1pp (boat fare) 
  • Groceries £12.17pp
  • Meals out £37.93pp


Thursday 30 April – Friday 1 May: Rio Santa Teresa

After the conference had finished, I made the decision to check us out of the hotel in Barra da Tijuca to one that was more central to some of the sites we wanted to see, Christ the Redeemer and Sugarloaf Mountain. Also we had planned to get a transfer to Ilha Grande on Friday 1 May and the transfer company didn’t depart as far out as Barra da Tijuca. So it just made sense logistically to check out, get an Uber to Jo&Joe Hostel and store our bags in a more central location to do both sites in one day. The hostel had some lockers which came with locks and keys already so we felt really safe going off and adventuring for the day. We had a private room and it cost £29.88 for the night. The building was beautiful and the location was perfect for Christ the Redeemer but the room wasn’t the nicest.

The first stop was Christ the Redeemer, just a short walk from our hostel. I had booked us into the second Corcovado train of the day at 8:30am. We had next to no queues to get onto the train. We read the best place to sit on the way up is the right side but it didn’t really matter because you get even better views from the top anyway. After a 20 minute journey through the Atlantic Forest (part of Tijuca’s National Park), we found ourselves at Christ the Redeemer! It was beautiful! Both looking up to the statue and down across the panoramic views. There were multiple free toilets as well as multiple free water refill points. It was crowded and busy, despite the early hour, and hot! I definitely recommend booking as early as possible. I really recommend going up it, the views really are worth it. 

On the train back down, the queues were a little long and pushy. We were told that the train was full but if we wanted we could still ride it and have to stand, which was fine for us, or wait for the next one in 20-30 mins. We took the train, checked into our hostel and went out for some lunch.

We took an Uber to the Sugar Loaf Cable Car, ready in time for our 4pm entry ticket, hoping to catch the sunset. One thing we didn’t know is that there are parties every Thursday-Saturday during sunset. It was horrendously busy and there was no chance of us making sunset. The queues were atrociously long just trying to get to Cable Car 1 to the first base at Urca Hill. There was then a full blown party happening at the entire stop, which was very noisy and difficult to push through the crowds. By the time we got to arrived at the Sugar Loaf Peak, following Cable Car 2 it was already dark. 

I would actually recommend people skip Sugar Loaf Mountain. Unlike Christ the Redeemer, it was incredibly commercial. It was just restaurants and bars and advertisements. There was a jungle walk which they had closed when we arrived (how do you close the jungle?). There were free toilets and water refill points. We turned around and decided to leave, realising the place just wasn’t for us and we weren’t having a good time. For each of the two cable cars down the mountain, there were giant queues snaking around the whole of the summit points. We had to queue over 2 hours. What was worse was that the queue wasn’t properly managed, people that people were queue jumping throughout. I do not recommend the experience.   

We took an Uber back to our hostel, just as a storm was drawing in.

  • Hostel £29.88 total
  • Activities £50.64pp (£20.02 Christ the Redeemer, £30.62 Sugarloaf Mountain)
  • Uber £16.58 total
  • Meals out £19.42pp


Friday 1 May – Monday 4 May: Ilha Grande

We paid £63.78 for return transfer from Rio to Ilha Grande (Abraão) in advance. We booked through the Green Toad website but the actual local provider of the transport was Top Transfers. When leaving Rio we got picked up from our hostel (Jo&Joe) on 1 May 9am, arriving ~5pm. We purposely stayed in this hotel for the night to make the travel easier. 

The transport was a small mini bus, without toilets, for 3h followed by a speedboat for 30 mins. When the minibus arrived at the port, there was a lot of shouting. The driver was messing around with people’s bags on the minibus. By the time we were able to collect our bags, the boat had departed without us so we had an hour wait until the next one. Fortunately during that hour wait there were toilets, shade and a small shop. But the experience wasn’t the best!

On arrival into Ilha Grande, however, the difficulties of the travel were soon forgotten by how wonderful a place it is! Abraão is a collection of brightly coloured buildings by the beachfront, surrounded by mountains. We checked into our hotel, Pousada Albatroz, which had super cute wooden huts with porches in the jungle for £228 for 3 nights = £76 night. It also felt very safe and I would have been comfortable walking around at night alone with ease.

In Ilha Grande we had planned to do two days of diving but the bad weather had other plans for us. Instead we did one day of two dives (with Dive & Cia) and then did a hike through the beach to Praia de Abrãaozinho. The hike was a lot more intense that I had expected, including wading through the steep points, but was some adventure through the jungle!

Instead of our second day of diving, the storm led us to do another hike. We were planning on doing the easy loop through the jungle to the ruins of an Aqueduct but the river was flowing too fast to cross so we ended up heading back the way we came and doing it a second time in the opposite direction. As part of this walk, exploring Ruínas do Lazareto e do Presídio, a quarantine centre turned prison turned deserted jungle ruins, is definitely worth it!

Our transfer back to Rio started on 4 May at 10am and dropped us off directly outside our City Centre Hotel.

  • Hotel £76 night total
  • Activities (diving) £83.60pp
  • Meals out £48.05pp

Monday 4 May – Wednesday 6 May: Rio Centro

After three wonderful days on Ilha Grande, our transfer dropped us directly outside our next hotel, Windsor Asturias Hotel, in Rio Centro. The hotel cost £129.58 for two nights and had a lovely rooftop pool with views across the city towards Christ the Redeemer.

However, the surrounding area was quite a contrast to Ilha Grande. This was the only place during our entire trip to Brazil where I genuinely felt a little unsafe. You could walk down one street that felt perfectly normal and then turn a corner and suddenly the atmosphere changed completely. We were much more aware of our surroundings here than we had been anywhere else in Brazil.

After checking in, we headed straight up to the rooftop pool to enjoy the view of Christ the Redeemer before setting off to explore.

Our first stop of our self-made walking tour was the Escadaria Selarón, Rio's famous colourful staircase. It was incredibly busy, with people queueing to take photographs, but we managed to grab a few pictures ourselves before walking to the top and back down again.

From there we continued to the Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. From the outside it looks like a giant concrete pyramid and is unlike any cathedral I'd seen before. I would definitely recommend going inside, where huge stained-glass windows stretch from floor to ceiling. As the sunlight shines through, it creates an enormous rainbow cross across the interior, something I never would have expected judging by the outside of the building.

Afterwards we headed to a rooftop bar to watch the sunset with a drink and something to eat before getting ready for the evening.

That night, at around 11pm, we took an Uber to Pedra do Sal for the famous Monday samba night. We'd heard great things about it and wanted to experience it for ourselves. It actually reminded me a little of the night markets in Bangkok, but even busier! By the time we arrived there wasn't much live music playing, so I suspect we'd missed the best part of the evening. Instead, it felt much more like a huge outdoor nightclub than a samba event. There weren't many people dancing. Instead it was a sea of people all trying to move in different directions. If you're claustrophobic, this probably isn't the place for you! That being said, I'm still glad we went to experience it for ourselves. We were aware of the safety advice for the area, so we took an Uber there and back and left all valuables at the hotel.

The following morning we explored some of Centro's cultural attractions. Our first stop was the Real Gabinete Português de Leitura, one of the most beautiful libraries I've ever visited. I was very Harry Potter! We then walked to see the enormous Kobra "Etnias" mural, passing several other beautiful historic buildings along the way.

From there we took an Uber to Copacabana Beach to see the iconic black and white wave patterned promenade and find out what all the fuss was about. The beach itself is certainly beautiful, with incredible views of the surrounding mountains, as we walked the entire 4km length of Copacabana. While we walked I noticed we were constantly approached by people trying to sell drinks, food and souvenirs. It was worth visiting because it's such an iconic part of Rio, but if I were choosing somewhere to spend a relaxing beach day, Barra da Tijuca would win every time.

On our final morning in Rio Centro, we enjoyed a leisurely breakfast before spending a couple of hours relaxing by the rooftop pool in the sunshine. After checking out, we took an Uber to Hangar Rio Hostel, where we stored our luggage from 6–8 May while we flew to Iguazu Falls. At £42.56, this worked out far cheaper than paying the airline's checked baggage fees. Once our bags were safely stored, we took another Uber to the airport ready for our domestic flight to Foz do Iguaçu.

  • Hotel: £64.79 per night total
  • Luggage storage: £42.56 total
  • Uber: £17.78 total
  • Groceries: £8.28pp
  • Meals out: £45.59pp


Wednesday 6 May – Friday 8 May: Iguazu Falls

After almost two weeks exploring Rio and Ilha Grande, it was time for our final destination: Iguazu Falls. We flew from Rio (GIG) to Foz do Iguaçu (IGU) on 6 May (5:15pm–7:35pm). Our return domestic flights cost £82.97pp.

We stayed at Hotel Colonial Iguacu, which we booked directly. The hotel cost £89.33 and included breakfast, a complimentary welcome dinner and return airport transfers, making it excellent value. One thing we did notice in Foz do Iguaçu was that there was a much bigger language barrier than we had experienced anywhere else during our time in Brazil.

The following morning we took part in Dawn at the Falls, which I would thoroughly recommend. Our hotel was only around a 20 minute walk from the entrance to the national park, making the early start more bearable. Dawn at the Falls runs from 6am–9am, with breakfast served between 7am and 9am. It was surprisingly affordable and included access to the falls before the park opened to the general public, allowing us to watch the sunrise over the waterfalls with hardly anyone else around. Afterwards, we enjoyed an incredible buffet breakfast overlooking the park, which even included prosecco! It felt like such a luxurious treat.

The Iguaçu Falls trail was only around 1.8km and took us approximately 30 minutes to walk, while stopping for photos all the way. The waterfalls themselves were absolutely breathtaking and seeing them without the usual crowds made the experience even more special.

Originally, we'd considered visiting both the Brazilian (Iguaçu Falls) and Argentinian (Iguazú Falls) sides of the falls on the same day. However, once I had looked into the logistics, it didn't make much sense for us. We would have needed to buy an additional Argentinian park ticket (£24.11pp) on top of our Brazilian entrance fee (£35.91pp), pay around £93.83 for a return taxi and factor in time to cross the international border. We'd already had a very adventurous holiday, so we decided to slow the pace and enjoy the Brazilian side properly before spending the afternoon exploring the surrounding area. However, if I were planning the trip again, I would take an earlier flight in or a later flight out, giving us enough time to visit the Argentinian side of the falls at a more relaxed pace and use the much cheaper public buses instead of relying on expensive taxis.

After spending the morning at the falls, we walked next door to Parque das Aves, which cost £16.11pp. We decided to visit because my partner loves photography so it was a good opportunity to take some wildlife snaps. I was pleasantly surprised by how good and big the park was. 

We flew back to Rio the following morning, 8 May 10:15am-12:15pm. One thing to note is that domestic flights in Brazil have much more relaxed security rules than we are used to- we were even able to take a can of beer through airport security to enjoy while waiting for our flight!

  • Hotel: £89.33 total
  • Domestic flights: £82.97pp (return)
  • Activities: £52.02pp
  • Uber: £20.32 total
  • Meals out: £32.42pp


Friday 8 May Stopover and Travel

Our domestic flight back from Foz do Iguaçu departed and landed back in Rio at 12:15pm. As our international flight to Porto wasn't until 8:40pm, we had several hours to fill before heading back to the airport.

Rather than paying to check our luggage onto the domestic flight, we had left our bags at Hangar Rio Hostel, which worked out much cheaper. We took an Uber from the airport to the hostel, collected our luggage and decided to make the most of our final afternoon in Brazil.

The hostel was only a short walk from the nearby beach of Praia da Bica, so we wandered down for one last look at the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, this was probably the only beach in Brazil that I wouldn't recommend. The sea was brown in colour and there was even a visible line of rubbish floating offshore. It was the first time during our trip that we didn't feel comfortable getting into the water.

Instead, we found a beachfront bar and toasted the end of an incredible holiday with a couple of final Caipirinhas while looking out across the sea. It felt like a fitting way to say goodbye to Brazil.

Afterwards, we took another Uber back to the airport for our overnight 8:40pm TAP Air Portugal flight to Porto, where we would spend one final stopover before returning home to London.

  • Uber £9.84 total

Final Thoughts

Brazil was a country that completely exceeded my expectations. The variety was what made the trip so special. Within a short space of time we experienced a huge vibrant city, peaceful island life surrounded by jungle, and one of the world's greatest natural wonders at Iguazu Falls.

One thing that really stood out to me compared with other countries I have visited was how relaxed the dress culture felt. I was surprised that there was no expectation to dress modestly and it felt very normal to wear beach clothes, shorts and swimwear throughout the day.

I was also surprised by the food. Before visiting, I had expected a more varied cuisine, but many of our meals were actually quite simple, often centred around good quality meat. A highlight for my partner was definitely experiencing a Brazilian churrascaria!

Overall, I found Brazil to be a beautiful country with incredibly friendly people. Once we were there, many things felt relatively affordable, although it was clear that tourist areas came with tourist prices, particularly around some of the major attractions. Given the limited time we had, I think we made the absolute most of our trip. We managed to experience so many different sides of Brazil, and it was a country that left us wanting to come back and explore more.


Total Costs

  • International Flights £652.45pp
  • Domestic Flights £82.97pp
  • Hotels £815.48/2=£407.74pp
  • Uber £68.13/2=£34.07pp
  • Transfer £63.78pp
  • Groceries £20.45pp
  • Meals out £183.41pp
  • Activities £205.34pp
  • Luggage storage £42.56/2=£21.28pp
  • Cash £100

Total £1,771.49pp 


Friday, 17 July 2026

Natalie Lamb and the travel post: Lille, France

I was recently in London over the weekend and spotted a Eurostar sale on at the same time. On looking for the cheapest extreme day trip, I spied a trip to Lille, somewhere I had never been before. £128.38 later and I was on my way on the Eurostar. Here’s my blog post on things I ate, places I visited and things I would do on a future trip. 



Things I ate and drank

Kouignettes from Maison Georges Larnicol. It's like a pastry with the size and shape of a cupcake.


Traditional vanilla waffles from Méert. Much thinner than something like a Belgium waffle.


Merveilleux from Aux Merveilleux de Fred. This is two meringue disks sandwiched together with whipped cream, coated in cream and rolled in dark chocolate shavings.


Cheeky pastries from Laquéquetterie.


Craft beer from Beers Square.


Places I visited

Lille's smallest house (La plus petite maison de Lille).


Citadelle de Lille, a historic 17 century 5 sided fortress and a scenic public park, perfect for a rest in the shade on a sunny day.



La Vieille Bourse second hand book market.


Pretty streets, including Pl. du Général de Gaulle, Rue de la Clef, Rue de la Monnaie and Rue des Vieux Murs.


Total spend

  • Eurostar £128.38
  • Méert £6.67
  • Groceries for a picnic £2.33
  • Beer Square £6.84
  • Maison Georges Larnicol £1.63
  • Aux Merveilleux de Fred £1.80
  • Laquéquetterie £7.69

Total £155.34



Ideas for next time

  • Marché de Wazemmes for a traditional market
  • Le Waf dog café 
  • Watch a free concert (every Saturday 6:30-7:30pm) at Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille Cathedral
  • La Capsule Lille for craft beer

Wednesday, 17 June 2026

Natalie Lamb and the overview of UK and Ireland water company ownership, operation and regulation

While every tap delivers the exact same clean water, the organisations running the networks behind the scenes of the UK and Ireland water sector are completely different. Here's my overview of how the different water companies in the UK and Ireland operate and are regulated, as of 2026.

Who Owns the Pipes?

  • England treats water as a private business. The water companies are run to make a profit and are owned by international investment firms and big corporations.
  • Wales uses a private, not-for-profit model. The main company has no owners or shareholders. Any extra money it makes cannot be given away as a payout- it must be spent on fixing the pipes or lowering customer bills.
  • Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland view water as a public service. Their networks are completely owned by the government.

How Upgrades are Funded

  • Borrowing from banks and investors: England and Wales get the sums of cash they need by taking out corporate loans and selling bonds to global investors. In England, the companies also get cash from private investors who expect a share of the profits (dividends) in return.
  • Paying through the government: Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland rely on public money. Scotland takes out long term infrastructure loans directly from the government. Northern Ireland and Ireland fund their big building projects directly out of the national budget using tax money.

What Happens in Financial Crisis?

  • Going bankrupt: Because English water companies are normal private businesses, they can actually run out of money. If one collapses, the government has to step in, use special courts to take it over and find a new buyer.
  • Using a rainy day fund: Because Welsh Water has no shareholders or government safety net to rescue it, it keeps a stash of emergency cash hidden away to keep itself running if times get tough.
  • Government protection: Utilities in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland can never go bankrupt. Because they belong to the public, the government treasury guarantees their debts. If they run out of cash, it just means politicians have to discuss the state budget.

Operation

Ownership Model

Funding Sources

Customer Billing

England

Privately owned, for profit 

 Customer Billing

• Commercial Debt

• Shareholder Equity

Direct water bill from the local water company (metered or unmetered)

Wales

(Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water)

Privately owned, not for profit

• Customer Billing

• Commercial Debt

Direct water bill from the local water company (metered or unmetered)

Scotland

(Scottish Water)

Publicly Owned

• Customer Billing

• Government Loans

Water and wastewater charges collected through the local authority council tax bill

Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Water)

Publicly Owned

• Government Subsidies

• Customer Billing (Commercial only)

Paid indirectly through general taxation. No separate domestic water bill

Republic of Ireland

(Uisce Éireann)

Publicly Owned

• Government Subsidies

• Customer Billing (Commercial only)

Paid indirectly through general taxation. No separate domestic water bill











How the Timelines Work

Every water company is forced to plan its budget and targets in strict blocks of time to make sure they are doing their jobs.

  • Five year cycles: England and Wales are grouped together in strict five year blocks. The regulator sets a firm limit on how much they can charge and what targets they must hit for things like leaks or pollution over those five years.
  • Six year cycles: Scotland and Northern Ireland use slightly longer six year timelines. This is designed to match up with the long term funding plans of their local devolved governments.
  • Five year plans with yearly reviews: Ireland sets a five year spending limit for its utility, but the regulator checks the company's paperwork and performance data every single year to keep them on track.

Regulation

Economic Regulator

Drinking Water Quality Regulator

Environmental Regulator

Regulatory Period

England

Ofwat

Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI)

Environment Agency (EA)

5 years

Wales

(Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water)

Ofwat

Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI)

Natural Resources Wales (NRW)

5 years

Scotland

(Scottish Water)

Water Industry Commission for Scotland (WICS)

Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland (DWQR)

Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA)

6 years

Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Water)

Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation

Drinking Water Inspectorate Northern Ireland (DWI NI)

Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)

6 years

Republic of Ireland

(Uisce Éireann)

Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Ireland)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Ireland)

5 year plans with yearly regulator reviews